Chapter 1: Networking and Telecommunication/Class 10

 Answer in short:

a) Define Data.

Ans: A raw fact about anything which does not give any complete meaning is called data.

b) What is Information?

Ans: The processed data which gives some or complete meaning is called information.

c) In which mode of communication television system works

Ans: Simplex mode

d) What is telent?

Ans: A program that allows the user to log into a remote computer on the internet as a user on that system is called telnet.

e) Define e-commerce.

Ans: The activity of buying or selling goods and other online services using the internet is called e-commerce.

f) What is topology?

Ans: The arrangement or connection pattern of computers or nodes and other devices of a network is known as network topology.

9. Answer the following questions:

a)Define data communication. What are the components of data communication?

Ans: The collection of hardware, software and other devices that allows to exchange data, information and voice between two or more devices through a wire or radio waves is called data communication. The Components of data communication are as follows: - Data - Sender - Medium - Receiver - Protocol

b) Explain the different modes of data communication.

Ans:There are three main ways or modes for transmitting data from one device to another. They are: (i) Simplex Mode , (ii) Half-duplex Mode and (iii) Full-duplex Mode i. Simplex Mode : In this mode, transmission can take place in only one direction. It is called unidirectional transmission mode. The data or information is transmitted by only one device and other devices receive it. Television broadcast is an example of simplex mode of transmission. Other examples of simplex mode are TV broadcasting, Radio transmission, etc. ii. Half-duplex Mode : In this mode, data can be transmitted to both directions, but only to one direction at a time. It means a half-duplex system can alternately send and receive data. Some suitable examples of half-duplex systems are wireless, handset, and walky-talky. iii. Full-duplex Mode: This mode allows simultaneous transmission of data in both directions. It allows both communicating devices to transmit and receive data simultaneously. A suitable example of a full-duplex system is a telephone system, where two people can communicate over a telephone. Both can talk as well as listen to each other at the same time in this system.

c) Write any twodifferencese between LAN and WAN.

LAN	WAN
i) It is controlled or owned by a single organization.	i) It is controlled or owned by multiple organizations.
ii) The diameter is not more than a few kilometers.	ii) It covers a larger geographical area.
iii) Example: Network within a Room	iii) Example: Internet

d) Define a computer network. Write any two advantages and disadvantages of it.

Ans: Two or more computers connected to each other to share data, hardware, software, and other resources is called a computer network.

Two advantages of Computer Network:

i. Sharing of hardware and software resources ii. Communication becomes easy and cheaper.

Two disadvantages of Computer Network:

i. Failure of server stops application being available. ii. The system opens to hackers.

e) What are the three architectures of computer network? Write about the peer-to-peer architecture.

Ans: 1. Centralized Computing network 2. Client Sever network 3. Peer to Peer Network

Peer to Peer Network

- The technique of data transmission from node to fashion in which each node behaves like as server or host temporarily is called peer to peer architecture. - There is no client or good and powerful server. - In the peer network the network users simply share disk space and other resources.

f) What is client-server architecture of computer network? Write any three features of it.

Ans: The client–server network consists at least one server and one or more clients or workstations, where users do their work. The server is the main computer, which gives services to the workstations.

Three features of client server architecture:

1. The network in which the all workstations or nodes are connected with main server. 2. The data sent by any computer, at first reaches to server, and then passed to each workstation. 3. The star topology is the suitable example of client server architecture.

g) What is a protocol? Write the name of protocols work for email.

Ans: Sets of rules that the computers on the network must follow to communicate and to exchange data with each other is called protocol. SMTP - Pushes mails to the server POP - Pulls mails from the server

h) What is NIC? Write its function in a computer network.

Ans: A hardware device that acts as an interface through which a computer is connected to a network is called Network Interface Card (NIC) . Each NIC is assigned a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address by the manufacturer. The role of NIC in a computer network is to convert data into electrical signals and transfer them through cables and vice - versa.

i) Draw a diagram of the star topology and label the important components.

j) Draw a figure of bus topology. Write any two advantages and disadvantages of it.

Advantages of Bus Topology:

1. It is easy to set up computers and other devices in bus topology, because all the devices are connected through a single wire. 2. It requires fewer cable media, so it is cheaper than other topologies.

Disadvantages of Bus Topology:

1. The whole network system collapses if the cable or backbone is damaged. 2. It is difficult to detect the errors in this network.

k) Write the advantages and disadvantages of the star topology.

Ans:

Advantages of Star Topology:

1. It is easy to set up and configure. 2. Failures of a single computer or cable does not affect the entire network.

Disadvantages of Star Topology:

1. It requires more cable in comparison to bus topology. So , it is costlier. 2. Failures of the central device (switch or hub) break down the whole system.

l) Differentiate between peer to peer and client server architecture.

Peer to Peer	Client Server
(i) Clients and server are not distinguished; each node acts as client and server.	(i) There is a specific server and specific clients connected to the server.
(ii) The data is stored in a centralized server.	(ii) Each peer has its own data.

m) What is the internet? Write any two advantages and disadvantages of it.

Ans: A network of networks with no central authority is called internet.

Two advantages of internet

1. The internet provides very fast and cheap communication. 2. It is a source of information.

Two Disadvantages of internet

1. Personal information or data in the internet are not 100% secure. 2. Pornography is a very serious problem for society, especially when it comes to young children.

n) Discuss any three services provided by the internet.

Ans: Three services provided by the internet are as listed below: 1. World Wide Web 2. Email 3. Search Engine

1. World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (WWW) is the most important service available on the internet. It was created in 1990 AD by European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland to exchange and share data through the Internet using a protocol called hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). A hypertext document is a specially encoded file that uses the hypertext markup language (HTML).The language allows a web designer to use hypertext links or hyperlinks in the document. HTTP and hypertext links are the foundation of the World Wide Web.

2. Email

Email is one of the most popular services provided by the internet. It is now the world’s largest electronic mail system. More than 25 million people are directly connected to the internet and can send and receive electronic mail. The main advantage of email is it is faster and cheaper than traditional mailing system.

3. Search Engine

A search engine is a program or interactive tool that searches documents for specific keyword, phrase, data etc. via world wide web. Web search engines are actually database that contains reference to thousands of resources. Examples of some popular search engines are: Google, Yahoo, AltaVista, Ask.com etc.

o) What is e-mail? Write any two advantage and disadvantage of it.

Ans: A system for sending and receiving messages electronically over a computer network, as between personal computers is called Email.

Advantages of Email:

- It is very faster and cheaper. - We can send same message to predefined groups of people. - It is more reliable than traditional mailing system. - It is very convenient and non-disturbing.

Disadvantages of Email:

- If minor mistake in email address may deliver the mail to a wrong address. - We need internet connection to use the email service.

p) Define e-commerce and internet telephony.

Ans:

E-commerce :

The process of doing business online through the Internet is called e-commerce. Example of e-commerce sites are: muncha.com, daraz.com.np etc.

Internet Telephony :

A system that allows the user to make telephone communication or voice communication through the internet is called internet telephony. Example: skype, hangouts etc.

q) What do you mean by video conferencing?

Ans: The process of using the audio and visual communication with the help of hardware and software is called video conferencing.

r) What is FTP? Why is it necessary in the internet?

Ans: The Internet tool that allows the user to transfer the file from one computer to another computer is called FTP(File Transfer Protocol). It is necessary in the internet because it helps to upload and download the files from a remote computer from a remote computer known as FTP server if he/she has the right to access the computer. ***** End of Ch-1 *****