Chapter-2: Ethical and Social Issues in ICT/Class 10
Answer the following questions:
a. What are the major challenges of ICT? Answer: The major challenges of ICT are: (i) Virtual Identity (ii) Security (iii) Privacy Issues (iv) Copyright (v) Social Behavior (vi) Digital divide b. What do you mean by virtual identity? Answer: In online virtual communities, such as online chat rooms or in online games, a virtual identity is one created by the human user that acts as an interface between the physical person and the virtual person other users see on their computer screens. c. What do you mean by copyright? Answer: Copyright is a legal right, existing in many countries, that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to determine whether, and under what conditions, this original work may be used by others. d. How may ICT change social behavior negatively? Answer: Excessive use of the Internet has changed the social behavior of the people in out society. It has negative effects on sleep, work, and academic achievement of the students. It has also been observed that most of the employees in the workplace use the Internet for non-productive work. Usages of unethical sites have increased negative behaviors and crimes in society. e. What do you mean by digital divide? Answer: The gap between rich and poor in terms of information technology is called the digital divide. f. What do you mean by computer ethics? Answer: Computer ethics is defined as "following the rules and regulations of computer technology and not harming other computer users knowingly or unknowingly." g. Write any five provisions in computer ethics. Answer: Five provisions in computer ethics are: (i) You should not use a computer to harm other people. (ii) You should not search the file or records of other people. (iii) You should not destroy, steal and use the computer password of other people. (iv) You should not steal, destroy or use digital signatures. (v) You should not destroy, erase or edit personal or group records h. What do you mean by cyber law? Answer: Cyber law refers to the laws regarding the Internet and cyberspace. Cyberlaw includes a wide variety of legal issues related to the use of communications technology. It includes the use of the Internet as well as any other form of computer or Digital Processing Devices. i. What are the major components of cyber law? Answer: The major components included in the cyber law are: (i) Electronic and Digital Signature Law (ii) Computer Crime/Cyber Crime Law (iii)Intellectual Property laws (iv) Data Protection and Privacy Laws (v) Telecommunication Laws j. Write the major five goals of IT policy 2072 of Nepal. Answer: (i) By 2020, the entire population of Nepal will have access to the Internet. (ii) 80% of all citizens facing government services would be offered online by 2020. (iii) Special funding arrangements will be developed and implemented within 2018 to support innovation and incubation of online businesses and start-ups. (iv) At least 75 percent of the population will have digital literacy skills by the end of 2020. (v) Universal broadband access to all people on an equitable basis will be in place. By 2020, 90 percent of the population will be able to access broadband services. k. Write the vision and objective of IT policy of Nepal. Answer: Vision To transform Nepal into an information and knowledge-based society and economy Objective of IT policy (i) To empower and facilitate Nepal's participation in the Global Knowledge Society. (ii) To transform Government service delivery regime by promoting transparency, efficiency, inclusiveness and participation through effective utilization of information and communication technologies. (iii) To promote ICT to further productivity among the sectors that is key drivers of the national economy. (iv) To foster efficient, inter-operable, secure, reliable and sustainable national ICT infrastructure in alignment with grassroot needs and compliant with regional and international standards. (v) To promote research and innovation on the role of ICT on the resilience of low-income communities amid potential environmental, economic and social shocks. 4. Write short notes on: a. Cyber laws in Nepal Answer: The government of Nepal passed "The Electronic Transaction and Digital Signature Act-Ordinance" popularly known as "Cyber Law” on 30th Bhadra 2061 BS (15 September 2004). This law has provided new trust to the Information Technology (IT) sector, and IT professionals are hopeful that it will create a favourable situation for conducting IT business. b. Cyber crimes in Nepal Answer: Nepal Police have caught a 27 -year-old man, who allegedly impersonated a girl in a Facebook account. Acting on behalf of the girl, perpetrator posted vulgar comments and nude photographs to different men including her friends. Similarly,a victim lodged a complaint with police on August 1, 2011, demanding an action, after he was tagged to nude photographs and online porn links[82]. Likewise, police arrested perpetrator in a case where the mobile number of a girl was publicly displayed on a fake account created in her name, soliciting sexual relationships. She made complaint to police, when she started getting telephone calls from strangers, asking about “rates per night" Source: Adhikari, Ankit. Facebook at core of cybercrimes, In: The Kathmandu Post, 4 August 2012, http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2012/04/08/top-story/facebook-at-core-of-cyber-crimes/233584.html, [Visited 9 October 2014].